The Industrialization Of The World Trade Markets Essay

intro Before the 1900s Latin America began to strengthen their economy by means of industrialization. In doing this they developing railroads, roads, and port facilities which increased trade and profits. Because of these advancements, they were able to participate in the world trade markets. Some larger countries such as Brazil and Argentina grew exponentially by trading there products (coffee and wheat). After the World Wars, trade declined in world markets and Latin American governments found it necessary to practice Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). ISI is the creation of domestic industry to provide products previously imported. ISI was Latin America’s principle method in achieving economic growth. Though the ISI was not successful in Latin America, it was victorious in Brazil- raising Brazil from a third-world country to first world status. During the early stages of Industrialization, Brazil’s earnings from traditional exports of goods were declining. According to____, shows the importance of various merchandise in the world trade markets. It’s concluded that the importance of food products and agriculture have declined. Also with the decline in world trade, like the rest of Latin America, Brazil’s policy makers agreed that ISI was necessary for economic growth. Following the WW there was an industrialization spurt which called for new policies. Some policies that were formed were import licensing system, multiple exchange rate system, and modified system.Show MoreRelatedThe Economic Development Of China1130 Words   |  5 Pagesdevaluing the rupee, encouraging private sector competition, and deregulating the economy after 40 years of central planning. By opting for market-oriented reforms in 1991, India’s GDP has grown at a rate of 6.6% annually over the past 20 years. As a rapidly emergi ng economy and a member of the BRICS, we must continue to push our strategy of export led industrialization and economic liberalization. We should recognize the success that China has had with export-led growth and want to emulate the policiesRead MoreImperialism And The United States Experience During World War I855 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War One, the United States encountered many challenges, affecting America and Foreign Nations and their respective populations. Imperialism, economic expansion and industrialization impacted the United States’ experience during World War One. Americans were forced to recognize their strengths and weaknesses internally and externally. Imperialism is defined as a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world . Prior to UnitedRead MoreExport Promotion Strategy vs. Import Substitution Strategy1745 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica countries had committed to an alternative strategy, import substitution (IS). The IS strategy yielded disappointing results: most of these countries did not succeed in either industrialization or economic growth while export-oriented industrializations (EOIs) sustained fast economic development. Data from the World Bank (1993) showed that the real GDP of EOIs (7.6%) grew faster than IS countries (3%) during 1965-1990. There is no doubt that EOIs outperformed countries that adopted IS strategyRead MoreGlobalization : A Short History1720 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history much has evolved in the world we live in today. Nations that were once empowering and controlled many parts of the world today are seen less superior and most l ikely to keep peace and order rather than starting violence. In Jujen Osterhammel and Niels P. Petersson’s book Globalization: A Short History, they investigate what led to globalization. They discuss events in history starting from the 1800s to the cold war era and what events led to globalization. Osterhammel and PeterssonRead MoreImport Substitution1497 Words   |  6 PagesSubstitution Industrialization (ISI) Definition Government strategy that emphasizes replacement of some agricultural or industrial imports to encourage local production for local consumption, rather than producing for export markets. Import substitutes are meant to generate employment, reduce foreign exchange demand, stimulate innovation, and make the country self-reliant in critical areas such as food, defense, and advanced technology. What Does Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Mean?Read MoreType Of Chinese Economic Reform1278 Words   |  6 Pagesrenaissance gradually. One of the most important changes is in resource allocation. Now, resource allocation is mainly influenced by the market rather than the central planning. As the alternative mechanism, government interventions take place when the market mechanism is not enough to maintain the good performance of economy. 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The purpose of this research paper is to trace the Indian economy after independence. India is the largest democracy in the world with a stable democratic government. Recently, India has elected a new prime minister, Narendra Modi who took office in the year 2014. (India Today). The new government in India is credited with reviving the economy and strengthening India’s foreignRead MoreComparing Japan and Russias Response to industrialization before 1914.1519 Words   |  7 PagesRussia and Japan were forced to make reforms and modernize by industrialization. They both had to do so rapidly because of Western interference and the Wests increasing power in trade. During the early 20t h century, Russia and Japan had managed to reform, industrialize, and make sufficient changes to build powerful nations, although they still couldnt compete with the Wests supreme military and technological strength. The industrialization process for both Russia and Japan began during the same timeRead MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Welfare1640 Words   |  7 PagesWhen discussing the origins of welfare states it is easy to make an assumption that the development of welfare states was in direct response to social needs brought by industrialization and economic development. In fact the early scholarship in social policy did not question the causational effect between economic development and development of welfare states. Understanding that economic development alone cannot sufficiently explain why some countries developed into full welfare states while others

Rehabilitation Programmes For Male Sex Offenders - 884 Words

Post research and statistically evidence of increasing number of male sex offenders across Australia both indigenous and non-indigenous population clearly indicate the need for rehabilitation programmes for male sex offenders. This article provides a brief overview of current and emerging approaches in order to treatment of male sex offenders and the role of the therapists in achieving the goal of treatments. Research supports the relevant application for an approach in which treatment is effective on the risk of recidivism exposed by male offenders. Research further demonstrate CBT is the most effective treatment method particularly targeting specific risk factors in order to reduce the recidivism of male sex offenders. Skilled based approach is recommend to alter cognition, affects and behaviours. Research also indicate there are essential characteristics for therapist for the improved outcomes of the client. GLM model has been found to be the validity and importantly associate wi th motivation and reduced attrition. There are several male sexual rehabilitation programmes across Australia (see Appendix B). Sex offender correctional rehabilitation programmes are a well-established in Australia (Haseltine, Sarre Day, 2011). Correctional centres for adult offenders carry out in every state and territory, Australia (Macgregor, 2008; Heseltine et al., 2011). Surprisingly, the sexual offenders ratio indicates rising up and it rings a bell although rehabilitation occur inShow MoreRelatedSex Offenders And Sexual Offenders Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesto why there has been such interest around child sexual offenders in criminology. Furthermore, sexual offending tends to be seen as an attribute in an individual that is unchangeable, with this there is potential that some may see child sex offenders in a more unfavourable light when being compared to a murder. Considering the statement above, it is also believed that sexual offenders are more likely to re-offend than other type of offenders because this type of violence is abnormal and untreatableRead MoreUsefulness of the United Kingdoms Rehablitation of Offenders Act1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rehablitation of Offenders Act 1974 has been put in place to ease offenders back into society and also make sure that offenders’, that are given under a 30 month prison sentence, convictions are spent. Therefore employers of the recent offender are not allowed to discriminate against that person, allowing the offender more opportunity to gain employment. This briefing note outlines the strengths and weaknesses of rehabilitating sex offenders. By analysing the literature and statistics surroundingRead MoreCrime, Social Order And Control1385 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will discuss both prisons and the criminal justice system. It will undertake research to see if the prison system is working in todays society and also look at all the research within the prisons such as the rehabilitation methods and resettlement methods. By focusing on these number of methods it will be able to show if they work and what happens if they do not. Within the last two decades there has been a new infrastructure that has been designed to address crimeRead MoreThe Welfare Reforms Of The New Labour Government2063 Words   |  9 Pagescontinued welfare-to-work programmes (Deacon and Patrick, 2012). The Government’s ‘rehabilitation revolution’ saw policies designed to reduce reoffending, and as a consequence resettlement initiatives emerged with welfare-to-work programmes (Ministry of Justice, 2010). Since the implementation of the ‘Work Programme’ in 2011, welfare provision has seen a high influx of ex-offenders and Multi-Agenc y Public Protection Arrangement (MAPPA) participants referred to programmes (Gov.UK, 2016). The mainRead MoreThe International Ngo Council On Violence Against Children3963 Words   |  16 Pagesfather. Nonetheless, the criminal justice system does nothing to repair the damage caused by crime and social exclusion. Rather than delivering direct reparation between victims and offenders, the criminal justice system creates conflict between the state and the accused (Muir, 2014). Pat Orr is a 17-year old white male who has pleaded guilty to the following offences: †¢ 3 October 2014: Breech of remand conditions; †¢ 6 September 2014: Unlawful sexual intercourse with a vulnerable 12-year-old girl;Read MorePublic Eye on Sexual Offenders Essay example3339 Words   |  14 PagesPublic Eye on Sexual Offenders In preparing for this essay it has been identified that sexual offenders are not a homogenous group of individuals and that this is an umbrella term used to describe a range of behaviours ranging from acts of voyeurism and exhibitionism, to more serious acts of pedophilia and rape. For the purpose of this essay I have chosen to focus on the more serious forms of sex offending which in my opinion, are the cause of much of the currentRead MoreEarly Intervention Reducing Recidivism Among Children and Adolescent Offenders1991 Words   |  8 PagesEarly Intervention reducing recidivism among children and adolescent offenders Student number: s2875363 Student name: Kate O’Reilly Course name: CCJ10 Introduction to Forensic PsychologyRead More‘Restorative justice empowers victims and challenges offenders.’ To what extent do you agree?2200 Words   |  9 Pages‘Restorative justice empowers victims and challenges offenders.’ To what extent do you agree? One of the key issues of our contemporary society is that we have to start to be aware that ‘the social relationship’ is one of the main elements of our lives. Society as a whole is a more complex structure, so we must cease to perceive life only in terms of the individual. However, most of our laws continue to believe that only the individual matter; this is seen most obviously in how the law treats interpersonalRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pagesmust punish the criminal to prevent or suppress the danger to the state arising from the criminal acts of the offender. 2. Self-defense. The state has the right to punish the criminal as a measure of self-defense so as to protect society from the threat and wrong action inflicted by the criminal. 3. Reformation. The object of punishment in criminal case is to correct and reform the offender. 4. Exemplarity. The criminal is punished to serve as an example to others to deter from committing the crimeRead MoreChildren in Conflict to the Law12401 Words   |  50 Pagesproblems of children in conflict with the law are difficult to prevent. Children in conflict with the law are the children below 18 years old. The government is doing their best to solve these problems that is why there are many institutions, rehabilitation center, drop-in centers that helps these children who are in conflict with the law. Under R.A. 9344 a child who is 15 years of age at the time of the commission of offense are exempted from criminal liability, however the child shall be subjected

The Host Book Review Free Essays

The Host Book Review Melanie Stryder is one of few â€Å"wild† human rebels who have evaded the alien souls currently taking over the Earth. With her younger brother, Jamie, and the man she loves, Jared Howe, Mel is on the run from souls who hunt down host bodies for use. Souls are creatures that rely on host bodies to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now After insertion, they erase any mental presence of the being originally there and establish a claim over the body and mind. Earth is Wanderer’s ninth planet, and Mel is her ninth host body. Upon waking inside her new body, she is shocked not only by the vividness of human emotions, memories, and senses, but quickly learns that Melanie Stryder is not willing to give up the entirety of her mind. Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Saga has often been described as vampire fiction for people who don’t like vampires. It is fair to say that with The Host, her latest novel, she has once again managed to break the usual genre stereotypes. This time, writing a science fiction novel for people who don’t like science fiction. Unlike the most popular alien invasion movies and science fiction television shows, The Host doesn’t have Will Smith or Richard Dean Anderson to save the planet against a background of gun fire, secret weapons, and loud explosions. In The Host humanity is lost, vastly outnumbered and overwhelmed by superior technology. There are tiny pockets of resistance left; just a handful of humans who have yet been captured, but they don’t spend their days plotting to retake the planet from the aliens. Just trying to survive consumes all their time. The Host isn’t really about saving the planet from alien invaders; it’s a story about what it is to be human, about identity and about individuality. Most of all The Host is a story about the nature of love. Romantic  love, love of family, love of friends – all of these emotions are explored by Wanderer as she first surrenders to Melanie’s emotional memories then surrenders to the emotions for herself. There is more than just memories left of Melanie though; she is trapped inside her own head unable to take control of her own body, forced to be an unwilling host to the alien Wanderer. Which makes things very interesting when Wanderer and Melanie eventually meet up with Melanie’s loved ones. Possibly the largest similarity between The Host and Stephenie Meyers Twilight Saga is the character of Wanderer. She has something of a Bella vibe going on. It is the way that they are both self sacrificing. Wanderer’s alien nature actually makes her even more self sacrificing than Bella which means that she needs others to look out for her and take care of her since she has little instinct for self preservation. Unlike the Twilight Saga, I would recommend The Host for both teens and adults. Stephenie Meyer wrote this book to attract a wide audience. All in all The Host makes a very compelling read. Avoiding the obvious science fiction cliches, it concentrates on humanity and the human emotions experienced by an alien invader who really wants to be a human. How to cite The Host Book Review, Papers

Business Event Management Management

Question: Task 1 1. Write a report on the benefits of carrying out an identified event or project within an agreed time scale in order to meet the need of the project 2. List all the documents that are required for such an event using your experience as an event planner to evaluate and analyse the importance of these documents3. In your report you must ensure that resources that are required for this event are listed and their benefits to the project/event are discussed and documented within your report4. The final part of your report should give a critical analysis of how reviews and evaluations including the methods and resources were carried out Task 2 1. In your report you will document how you will Set up the Project, choose the completion date and allocate responsibilities2. Detail within your report what leadership, effective time management skills will be necessary to pull such an event /project off3. Assess and document the significance of stakeholder analysis when formulating new strategy4. Take corrective action if necessary to keep the project on schedule and document this in your report Task 3 1. Choose the Appropriate size team and document each persons role writing down what skills this person has in adding value to the project, and hence why you choose that person to play that role2. Document within your report what types of team building and conflict management skills are required when diffusing anger 3. Detail methods of co-ordination and communication used, and why you believe they were the most appropriate methods. Do not forget to include documents i.e. minutes of meeting, emails, telephone call logs etc.4. What, why and how are resources going to be used in order to ensure the project is a success? Task 4 1. Create clear records of communication both internally, externally and of team meetings.2. Document where use of information technology has been used 3. Produce information clearly, regularly and on time documenting when and what was produced. Answer: Task 1 1. A project has its own benefits to the company. Some of the project benefits are given below All the projects are based on some specific objectives which in return delivers benefits to the taxpayers, companies, the general public, the government of the nation in which the country is situated, the sponsoring of the organisation and also the stakeholders and the delivery partners. It will cause the business to operate in a different technique in order to carry out the operations. It will help to create new form of outputs and deliverables that will enable the benefits to be realised. They also help to create a specific, temporary management for the organisation which carries out the governance arrangements setup for the duration of the project. The risk they are susceptible to can be found during these projects or events which are usually absent in the day to day operational work of the organisation. The involvement of the organisations stakeholders from different parts of the organisations increase the involvement of the stakeholders in the organisation. The use of new and unfamiliar methods of operations in the organisations are carried out which might be more efficient than the previously used methods. 2. The purpose of the project initiation document is to provide the information required by senior management and stakeholders to enable them to commit to the resources and timelines proposed. It is a form of contract between the Project Manager and Project Board that defines how the project will be run. The PID provides a detailed proposition against which success can be measured. To do this the PID builds on the approved Project Brief by defining in detail how the project will be developed and when it will be delivered. The PID is presented to the project board in order to get a clear information about the views of the key stakeholders and therefore can be considered as valid. This is an essential stage in the process to ensure commitment and buy-in from all interested parties to the proposed outcomes. The detailed analysis undertaken for the PID will uncover increased costs or risks such that the project is cancelled. This is a strength of the staged project process as it avoids significant resources being expended on the wrong project. The development of the project initiation document takes place by the following methods Accountabilities, roles and responsibilities of the project team and inclusion of the part time team members also should be accountable. An activity plan like the Gantt chart should be used on which each deliverable should be completed. This will also include dependencies and milestone. An updated assessment of Risks, including their probability and impact, as well as some mitigation plans and contingency arrangements. The updated cost and benefit analysis, particularly a detailed resource and timing plan Governance plan that details how the project will be monitored and controlled in terms of decision points, reports and reporting cycles, including whether updates will be on an exception or ongoing basis. Communications Plan that will start to determine how the project will be communicated to the different audiences, including the press. 3. The following resources are to be utilized when planning an entire project The purpose of the plan has to be clear in order to gain commitment and approval of the project for the day to day management and control, in order to establish feasibility or the viability in order to define the contingency arrangements. The scope of the plan has to be clear within the viable resources. The objectives have to be planned according to the plan of the project. Any presence of the constraints like that of the resource availability and the mandated delivery dates should be included in the high structure understanding of the plan. The identification of the interim and the final deliverables required from the project should be specified. The contents of the deliverables, the organisation responsible for them, the dependency of the deliverables, the quality characteristics that can be built onto it, the types of the quality checks required, the skills and resources required and also the quality checks should be specified for each of the deliverables. The involvement of experts in the projects who will understand the detail of the development are also valuable resources. The breakdown of the large activities into smaller segments and the skills required to carry out each of the objectives are also resources for the project. The recruitment, procurement, training and the induction activities are the important resources for the project (Wright, 2002). 4. The process of evaluation and review of the projects can be carried out by the technique of PERT (project evaluation and review techniques) that helps to give better time estimation for any project, by keeping records for the uncertainty when the predictions of the duration of the task was carried out. As a project manager anyone can predict the task durations and also the best, worst and the most probable duration of time for each activity and determine the average completion time. This ca be done by taking the probabilities of the three estimates and then calculating the estimating the expected value. The critical path analysis has some advantages and disadvantages alike. It makes possible to identify the relationship between the different task and activities. The resources can be planned and allocated from using it like in case of staff planning, it would also act as good communication and planning tool for the time management. Though it has its own disadvantages too like the assumption of trade-off between time and money but most of the staff cost could be non-variable cost, the complexity of the diagram will also increase on including more activities and also the uncertainty pertaining to the duration of the activities and can be poor prediction for the elapsed time (Wateridge, 2001). Task 2 1. Without the careful planning of the project it will be very likely to fail and achieve its objectives. In case of smaller project it is possible that one plan may be used to define the entire scope of work and all the resources needed to carry out that work. For larger projects, planning will be carried out at different levels of detail at different times. In all types and sizes of project one must be prepared to re-plan in the light of experience The project PID might contain the following the things in its first version The description of the plan like in form of narrative of the plans purpose Pre-requisites or the things that must be in place for the plan to succeed External dependencies like commitments required from outside agencies Planning Assumptions like availability of resources Gantt or Bar chart showing the stages or activities involved n the project. Financial budget or the planned expenditure Resource requirements for e.g. in a table produced using a spreadsheet or project planning. The steps of the planning are the manager has to make sure that everyone understands the project's desired outcome, scope, objectives, constraints, assumptions and the purpose and level of detail of the plan one must produce. The deliverables are to be created according to the result of the plans. The activities are to be specified clearly that are necessary to develop deliverables. The activities are to be put in a logical sequence taking into account interdependencies. Estimate resource requirements for the people, skills, effort, money and other things that will be needed to carry out each activity. Estimate the timescale for each activity like for elapsed duration. To schedule the work from the target start date onwards To define the project management progress controls and decision points clearly. To identify the risks and the uncertainties clearly (Ward and Chapman, 2003). 2. The sooner the project board gives the permission to start the project the role of the project manager becomes vital and is responsible as the leader in the whole operation, its his duty to run the project as close as possible to the approved plan and to do so the leadership roles carried out by him are Allocation of the work to the project teams in accordance with the plan. To monitor progress during development of the deliverables products by the team. To ensure that the deliverables meet specified levels of quality To ensure that the delivery of completed deliverables is made to the required destination. To monitor costs and use of resources To report progress and exceptions to the Project Board via highlight reports (Rodney Turner, 2004). 3. In order to manage stakeholder relationships one must carry out the following activities The identification of the stakeholders is very important. The analysis of their attitudes to, and potential need for involvement in, the project. To establish the stakeholder management strategy to ensure a consistent, appropriate and cost-effective approach is adopted across the project. Identification of the potential approaches to engage, manage relationships and communicate. Select the approaches that are likely to be effective cost-effective proportionate and affordable and formalised as a Communications Plan in order to build them in to the Project Plan as appropriately resourced and scheduled activities. Execute the plan, monitor its effectiveness and revise as necessary (Randolph, 2014). 4. In order to achieve the scheduled management plan by exception the project manager has to be provided with the authority to deal with the inevitable small deviations from the plan. For the larger deviations such as those which occurs due to request for change, poor estimation or by delays in deliveries by the external agencies which requires the following steps to be taken Setting delegated limits or tolerances which the Project Board should set limits to the allowable deviations from planned cost and schedule so that the Project Manager knows how much delegated authority is available to manage deviations from plan. The Project Manager may use an exceptional Highlight Report to notify the Project Board of any forecast or actual deviations from plan beyond delegated limits. Positive sorts of exception should also be reported to the authority. The exception planning and decision making by the Project manager should be allowed by the Project Board to replace the current plan which is no longer viable (Ponnappa, 2014). Task 3 1. Staffing of the project with the right skills and at the right place is the sole responsibility of the project management team and yet it is the most important responsibility in the project management. There are generally two types of members in the project team known as the functional managers and the process managers. Being a training project the functional managers and their team focus on the technology of the project and they would include the engineers and the construction superintendents, professional trainers, software development managers etc. the process managers are the people who have expertise in cost estimation, cost tracking, and scheduling. The need of the both the functional and process manager. The staffing plan for a project typically reflects both the long-term goals of skilled team members needed for the project and short-term commitment that reflects the nature of the project. Exact start and end dates for team members are often negotiated to best meet the needs of individuals and the project. The staffing plan is also determined by the different phases of the project. Team members needed in the early or conceptual phases of the project are often not needed during the end phases or project closeout phases. Team members needed during the execution phase are often not needed during the conceptual or closeout phases. A core management team is the team which is the most important as they are involved in the project from the starting to the close out. The core team would include members of the project management team which includes the project manager, project controls, project procurement, and key members of the function management or experts in the technology of the projec t. Although longer projects may experience more team turnover than shorter projects, it is important on all projects to have team members who can provide continuity through the project phases. The organization that charters the project can assign talented managers and staff from functional units within the organization, contract with individuals or agencies to staff positions on the project, temporarily hire staff for the project, or use any combination of these staffing options. This staffing approach allows the project manager to create the project organizational culture which is determined by the project manager and determines the roles of the members working in the project (Kerzner, 2001). 2. A risk or conflict is an area of uncertainty that forms a threat or a opportunity to the project. Most of the attention to risk will be to avoid or reduce the likelihood of events that might be the cause of the project to be thrown off course. To manage and mitigate risks, the first task is to identify them, assess the likelihood of them happening and estimate the impact they might have on the project. The identification and consideration of risk is an integral part of project management. The aversion of conflicts and risk requires to take the following steps To keep a clear understanding of the achievement of the aims and the goals of the project. Focus on the matters that can be achieved even with a small bit of a conflict rather than totally avoiding the path, because sometimes a little conflict is important to the success of a project. The management of averting risks is based on subjective and qualitative judgements. Risk or conflict is not just about finance but it applies to all decisions regarding the business at all levels that includes operational, regulatory and reputational factors. To support the decisions in a bureaucratic process by supporting them with proper documentation (Index of 2013 Project Management Journal Papers and Authors, 2014). 3. For the completion of a complex project successfully communication is required which is provided by team work and communication among them. Though if they are in the same building, it is not a problem but most of the teams are globally separated in todays economy and the type of meetings in the same building are not possible. These teams are therefore called virtual teams as they use electronics method of communicating. The communications can be done by two methods, synchronous and asynchronous, where synchronous means that all the members are taking part in the exchange of communication at the same time. In asynchronous the participants are not taking part in the meeting at the same time. To carry on the communications a various technologies require a number of compatible devices, software, and service providers, and communication with a global virtual team can involve many different time zones (Hyvri, 2006). 4. During the start-up phase, the project leader develops the project infrastructure used to design and execute the project. A team is formed to create agreement among project stakeholders on the goals, cost, and completion date. Plans for executing the project, managing the schedule and quality, and controlling the budget are created. The scope statement establishes project parameters that define what will be done. Project quality begins with the specifications of materials and labour. A quality plan creates a process for assuring the requirements and specifications of the project. Quality improvement tools can be applied to projects if the company has several similar projects. Team members are selected to manage functions and processes. The staffing plan assigns people as needed. The risk on a project reflects the number of things that can possibly happen that will have a negative effect on the project and the probability of those events happening. The communication methods are implemented in order to make everyone stay connected to the team (Hearkens, 2002). Task 4 1. In order to create clear records of communication between the internal, external communications it is important to develop some skills which will be effective in communication. They are as following Writing skills are very important for the implementation of a project as it is the best medium to get the right messages across to a specific audience. It is important to make sure that ones text harmonise with the overall communication strategy. Messages can be explicit or clearly stated as information, implicit or intended for subliminal or emotional impact and can work better when one is explaining the theme of a message to their team members. Research of the main statements of the project and also of the recent statistics and official information give credibility to the arguments one keeps in the meetings. The organisation of the statements and the information systematically is very important to make point in the meetings as well as to encourage the team members (Eric Kirkland, 2014). 2. The following implementations can be brought in the project management by the help of information technology Information technology can help create an integrated toolbox for the companies that consistently struggle to succeed in managing projects clearly define what needs to be done. They use an integrated toolbox, including project management tools, methods, and techniques. They carefully select tools, align them with project and business goals, link them to metrics, and provide them to project managers to deliver positive result. IT can develop a streamlined project delivery process where the winning companies have examined every step in the project delivery process, analysed fluctuations in workloads, searched for ways to reduce variation, and eliminated bottlenecks to create a repeatable delivery process. All projects go through clear stages and clearly define key milestones. All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization. IT can help to measure project health using metrics. Companies that excel in project delivery use performance metrics to quantify progress. They focus on a handful of important measurements and apply them to all projects. Metrics often include customer satisfaction, return on investment, and percentage of schedule buffer consumed (Deeprose, 2002). 3. It can be recorded successfully by creating a project closure checklist which should include the following queries Check that whether the work was completed according to the PID. To check whether the project deliverables have been created, quality controlled, accepted and handed over to those who will operate and maintain them. To check the person who is responsible for ongoing operation, training and maintenance of the deliverables been accepted by appropriate parts of the organisation To check the persons who provided resources have been informed of impending project closure. To check that whether all risks that might affect the achievement of benefits been communicated to an appropriate owner in the organisation. Whether the project management documentation been archived for future reference (Davidson Frame, 2014). References Davidson Frame, J. (2014). Reconstructing Project Management.Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e2-e2. Deeprose, D. (2002).Project management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Eric Kirkland, C. (2014). Project Management: A Problem-Based Approach.Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e3-e3. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hyvri, I. (2006). Project management effectiveness in project-oriented business organizations.International Journal of Project Management, 24(3), pp.216-225. Index of 2013 Project Management Journal Papers and Authors. (2014).Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.88-89. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Ponnappa, G. (2014). Project Stakeholder Management.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e3-e3. Randolph, S. (2014). Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide.Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Rodney Turner, J. (2004). Viennese Project Management-Days Project and Emotions.International Journal of Project Management, 22(4), pp.271-272. Ward, S. and Chapman, C. (2003). Transforming project risk management into project uncertainty management.International Journal of Project Management, 21(2), pp.97-105. Wateridge, J. (2001). Successful Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 19(3), p.191. Wright, J. (2002). Effective Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 20(8), p.633.

U.S Constitution Ratification Debates Essays - James Madison

U.S Constitution Ratification Debates On September 28, 1787, after three days of bitter debate, the Confederation Congress sent the Constitution to the states with neither an endorsement nor a condemnation. This action, a compromise engineered by Federalist members, disposed of the argument that the convention had exceeded its mandate; in the tacit opinion of Congress, the Constitution was validly before the people. The state legislatures' decisions to hold ratifying conventions confirmed the Constitution's legitimacy. The ratification controversy pitted supporters of the Constitution, who claimed the name Federalists, against a loosely organized group known as Antifederalists. The Antifederalists denounced the Constitution as a radically centralizing document that would destroy American liberty and betray the principles of the Revolution. The Federalists urged that the nation's problems were directly linked to the frail, inadequate Confederation and that nothing short of the Constitution would enable the American people to preserve their liberty and independence, the fruits of the Revolution. The Federalists - led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, John Marshall, James Wilson, John Dickinson, and Roger Sherman - had several advantages. In a time of national political crisis, they offered a clear prescription for the nation's ills; they were well organized and well financed; and they were used to thinking in national terms and to working with politicians from other states. They also had the support of the only two truly national political figures, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. The Antifederalists - led by Patrick Henry, George Mason, Richard Henry Lee, James Monroe, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Elbridge Gerry, George Clinton, Willie Jones, and Melancton Smith - counted among their advantages the support of most state Ratification debates politicians and the American people's distrust of strong central government. Their most potent argument against the Constitution was that it lacked a bill of rights. The lively newspaper and pamphlet war over the Constitution was a key element of the ratification controversy. Federalists and Antifederalists published hundreds of essays praising or denouncing the document. They often signed these essays with pseudonyms drawn from classical sources such as Plutarch's Lives or from the seventeenth-century English struggles against the tyranny of the Stuart kings. Notable Antifederalist pamphlets included the Letters of Brutus, attributed to Robert Yates; Luther Martin's Genuine Information; Mercy Otis Warren's Observations on the New Constitution ... by a Colombian Patriot; and the Letters from the Federal Farmer to the Republican, whose authorship is still disputed. Every state but Rhode Island elected a ratifying convention in 1787-1788, and only North Carolina's adjourned (August 2, 1788, by a vote of 185-84) without voting on the Constitution. (Rhode Island submitted the Constitution to its town meetings; on March 24, 1788, in a vote boycotted by most Federalists, the voters rejected it, 2,708-237.) The first five ratifications took place in quick succession: Delaware, December 7, 1787 (unanimous); Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787 (46-23); New Jersey, December 18, 1787 (unanimous); Georgia, January 2, 1788 (unanimous); and Connecticut, January 9, 1788 (128-40). In Massachusetts, however, the Constitution ran into serious, organized opposition. Only after two leading Antifederalists, Adams and Hancock negotiated a far-reaching compromise did the convention vote for ratification on February 6, 1788 (187-168). Antifederalists had demanded that the Constitution be amended before they would Ratification debates consider it or that amendments be a condition of ratification; Federalists had retorted that it had to be accepted or rejected as it was. Under the Massachusetts compromise, the delegates recommended amendments to be considered by the new Congress, should the Constitution go into effect. The Massachusetts compromise determined the fate of the Constitution, as it permitted delegates with doubts to vote for it in the hope that it would be amended. All subsequent state conventions but Maryland's recommended amendments as part of their decisions to ratify: Maryland, April 28, 1788 (63-11); South Carolina, May 23, 1788 (149-73); New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 (57-47); Virginia, June 25, 1788 (89-79); and New York, July 26, 1788 (30-27). By that date, eleven states had ratified, including all four critical states. The lists of recommended amendments and the Federalists' promise to work for amendments (particularly a bill of rights), set in motion the process by which the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution in 1789-1791. In turn, the

Tecting shile drtiving Essay examples

Tecting shile drtiving Essay examples Tecting shile drtiving Essay examples Zhichen Wang HIST 2 14 March 2014 Savage or Culturally Advanced? In 15th century, when INCA EMPIRE was still occupying a large areas of Latin Americas and Indians were still a riddle to European voyages and royal households. What on earth is happening on that mistery land ?No one can gave a direct answer. Was that a empire which is high civilized with well developed culture, or it was just a group of barbarian lives there with extreme ignorance and barbarity? The altitude displayed by Cobo towards the indigenous inhabitants of Peru and the altitude displayed by Hernan Cortes was totally different.In this paper, We gonna discuss the hidden reasons behind the data.Though both of their opinions are reasonable, however,I think the disparity were caused by two reasons. In Hernan’s letter to Charles V, 1520. He think that the city of Tenochtitlan , which is the capital of Inca Empire, was a great city. He describes this city(nowadays Mexicanï ¼â€°as a high civilized city with temples, squares and different stores.He gave lots of minor details ab out that city and tries to describes that city as well structured and organized. â€Å"In regard to the domestic appointments of Moctezuma, and the wonderful grandeur and state that he maintains, there is so much to be told, that I assure your highness i know not where to begin my relation, so as to be finish to be able to finsh a part of it† This was cited by the letter, we can see that how jealous the author feel when he first saw a building built with golds and silvers.Thus, it gave us an illusion of that every building there was as magnificent as domestic appointments of Moctezuma. In fact, every single thing written by Hernan Cortes were illusions. He mentioned the stores in the city. â€Å"There are all kinds of green vegetables, especially onions, leeks, garlic,watercresses, nasturtium, borage, sorrel, artichokes, and golden thistle,fruits etc.† Hs was so amazed by the sells of the fruit, fish , vegetables and different porcelains and silks sold in the stores.It is true that all the sells in the city is true but that was because the land of American is abundant. Compared to mainland of European, because the lacks of productivity of corps and fruits, Europeans looks this as a simple of rich and wealth.On the other hand , Latin America was full of silvers and golds, as a result.Hernan Cortes was confused by those illusions and think this as a rich great â€Å"land†.Moreover , the place he described and praised most is the place related to the religion and the center of authority, he was ingenious muted the place where normal citizens of Inca empire lives. In my point , when we talks about a nations , we can’t argued by a piece of block but the entire city. Henan Cortes can’t be a fool to have this one-sided opinion, what he did is to write to Charles V and talks about how wealthy the Inca was in order to invade and conquest the city.As a result, he can pillage the silvers and golds in Inca and get the permissions to do t his.This is one of main reason Hernan misdescribed the city of Temixtitlan. According to the second document â€Å"The History of the Inca Empire†,

Outline some of the difficulties for learners of english posed by the Essay

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